Qmeter is an instrument designed for measuring quality factor q of a coil as well as for the measurement of inductance, capacitance, and resistance of an electric circuit at radiofrequency. Working principle of a q meter, electrical engineering. Terminals are provided to connect the inductance lx to be measured and this is resonated by a variable tuning capacitor c. A q meter is a piece of equipment used in the testing of radio frequency circuits. If a fixed voltage is applied to the circuit, a voltmeter across the capacitor can be calibrated to read. As shown in a figure at left, a hall element is placed across a gap created by cutting off part of. Fluid mechanics 170 because the pressure is the same at all point on the same height p 0 f 1 a 1 f 2 a 2 12. Terminals are also provided to add capacitance cx, if required. Q meter circuit diagram working principle impedance.
The fluid is then accelerated by a reduction in the meter body bore. It has a rotating aluminium wheel called ferriwheel and many toothed wheels. A parallel measurement is used on the q meter see figure 2. Mechanism of rotation of an aluminum disc which is made to rotate at a speed proportional to the power. Here we discuss the construction and working principle of induction type energy meter. Turbine flow meter working principle instrumentationtools. Jul 25, 2018 energy meters are the basic part to measure the power consumption. One click easytouse operation helps complicated setting and processing of large data through the set. How electronic energy meter works mohans electronics blog. The resonance is the condition exists in the circuit when their inductance and capacitance reactance are of equal magnitude. It has been largely replaced in professional laboratories by other types of impedance measuring device, though it is still in use among radio amateurs. The resonant frequency during operation is a function of the meter tube geometry, the material characteristics of the flowmeter and the mass of the. The working principle construction, calibration etc.
The operations of this useful laboratory instrument is based on the familiar characteristics of a seriesresonant circuit, namely, that the voltage across the coil or the capacitor is equal to the applied voltage times the q of the circuit. The meter which is used for measuring the energy utilises by the electric load is known as the energy meter. So, electronic type of threephase energy meter is explained below with its working principle. Hp developed the 4342a qmeter military ts617 that covers 22 khz to 70 mhz. The additional capacitance must be known, if it is desired to compute the reactance of the coil. Task 1 measurement of noise and vibrations by sound level. The potential difference across the meter when carrying 20ma is 400mv. An electric meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to a residence or business. Q meter l r signal v v generator multiply q by circuit c q meter tuning capacitor example. It is used in domestic and industrial ac circuit for measuring the power consumption. Combining the frequency and dut impedance criteria into this graph helps.
They have been largely supplanted by other electronic test equipment which records a broader spectrum of useful data for future reference by operators and. Circuit diagram volt meter 1 shows the source voltagee volt. The reflection of that pulse is detected and the precise time is recorded. A mass flow meter operating on the coriolis principle contains a vibrating tube in which a fluid flow causes changes in frequency, phase shift or amplitude. Measures regenerative power under power deregulation ex. A q meter is a device that tests certain properties of radio frequency circuits. This meter is able to perform current, voltage and. Turbine flow meter is a volumetric measuring turbine type. The qmeter instrument has become more popular in rf impedance measurement. There are different kinds of instruments available based on system usage. The instrument to be used is 200a for full scale deflection. A simple capacitive power supply for the msp430 energy meter appropriate values of resistor r22 and capacitor c49 are chosen based on the required output current drive of the power supply.
What is the solution for the drawbacks of commonly used energy meters. All the consumer has to do is to display the card in the front panel of the meter for a time of 3 seconds. The q meter is used to measure some electrical properties of coils and capacitors. Fixed restriction variable head type flow meters using different sensors like orifice plate, venturi. The q meter uses in a laboratory for testing the radio frequency of the coils. The q meter working principle is based on series resonance. An idea how to build your own q meter, with the shown ferrite core transformer you easily make very low feed impedance i redesigned my heath kit qm1 meter using this technique, and used a 6ba6ef93 as grid detector, based on the principle used for radiometer qm1f, this uses a philips ef6, and i believe it is better than ef93 which i ended up. The frequen cy, f, and tuning capacitance, c1, are read and inserted in the following for.
If the q of a coil is beyond the range of the q meter with its highest xq multiplier, it. Target flow meter working principle instrumentationtools. Megger working principle types history uses of megger. Implementation of a singlephase electronic watthour. The most common type is more properly known as a kilowatthour meter or a joule meter.
It also explains the properties of the coil and capacitor. The electronic energy meter is also better protected against tampering than its mechanical predecessor, and units for prepaid operation e. They induce energy which is oscillating between the electric and. A sinking tilt current is similar, but the housing is designed such that the meter hangs from the attachment point. This instrument operates on the principle of series resonance i. A sinking tilt current is similar, but the housing is designed such that the. The conventional mechanical energy meter is based on the phenomenon of magnetic induction. An idea how to build your own qmeter, with the shown ferrite core transformer you easily make very low feed impedance i redesigned my heath kit qm1 meter using this technique, and used a 6ba6ef93 as grid detector, based on the principle used for radiometer qm1f, this uses a philips ef6, and i believe it is better than ef93 which i ended up. A directreading instrument which measures the q of an electric circuit at radio frequencies by determining the ratio of inductance to resistance, and.
Knowing the position and orientation of the sensor, the xyz coordinate of the reflective. It also monitors water and gas consumption along with electrical consumption. In general hall elements are used as a sensor to detect dc current because it is not possible to employ an electromagnetic induction method as used for dedicated ac clamp meters. The article describes q factor, methods of measuring q factor, inductance and capacity using a q meter and the design of an experimental q meter unit. The resonant technique, or qmeter, used to be a very manual measurement. It is used everywhere, no matter how big or small consumption it is. This meter is able to perform current, voltage and power measurements in three phase supply systems. In 1994 i published the first edition of questions and answers in magnetic resonance imaging, a collection of notes on mr physics i had distributed to residents and fellows during viewbox teaching over the years.
The metering principle is dependent of the density, temperature, viscosity, pressure and conductivity. The qmeter is an instrument designed for the measurement of qfactor of the coil as well as for the measurement of electrical properties of coils and capacitors. Overview of single phase induction type energy meter. The energy is the total power consumed and utilised by the load at a particular interval of time. If the q of a coil is beyond the range of the q meter with its highest xq multiplier, it can be measured using. Using the constant speed of light, the delay can be converted into a slant range distance. The flowing fluid engages the rotor causing it to rotate at an angular velocity proportional to the fluid flow rate. Chapter 12 fluid mechanics university of minnesota duluth. Energy meter is an instrument which measures electrical energy. Target flow meter working principle target flow meters, also known as drag force flow meters, insert a target drag element, usually a flat disc or a sphere with an extension rod, into the flow field. It also can be applied to an inductor or capacitor at a chosen frequency. May 12, 2014 q meter is design for measuring the q factor of a coil and for measuring inductance, capacitance and resistance of an electric circuit at radio frequency. Voltage for testing produced by hand operated megger by rotation of crank in case of hand operated type, a battery is used for electronic tester.
An induc tor is connected to the q meter coil terminals and resonated at the mea surement frequency, the q and tuning. Basic hydraulic principles of openchannel flow by harvey e. What is the thermal mass flow meter working principle. The measuring principle of the qmeter type 260a is based on a. Such devices specifically determine the q, or quality factor, of circuits as part of routine testing. Next, the q meter is resonated with a work or accessory coil preferably shielded, such as the types 103a or 590a connected to the q meter coil terminals see figure 4. Based on the flow of current, the ferriwheel rotates which makes rotation of other wheels. A floating tilt current meter typically consists of a subsurface buoyant housing that is anchored to the sea floor with a flexible line or tether. For inductors where is the reactance of the inductor, is the. Prepaymentprepaid energy meter introduction and working. Froehlich abstract the three basic principles of openchannelflow analysis the conserva tion of mass, energy, and momentum are derived, explained, and applied to solve problems of openchannel flow. The meter body has a set of blades welded at the inlet, called the swirler.
The quality factor is one of the parameters of the oscillatory system, which shows the relation between the storage and dissipated energy. Apply sound calibrator on sound level meter microphone and verify that sound. Q meter is design for measuring the q factor of a coil and for measuring inductance, capacitance and resistance of an electric circuit at radio frequency. Working of single phase induction type energy meter the basic working of single phase induction type energy meter is only focused on two mechanisms. Jonathan burdette helped me update this material and our second edition appeared in 2001. The microcontroller stores the number of units allocated and measures the energy consumed.
Q meter qmeter is an instrument designed to measure the q factor of a coil and for measuring inductance, capacitance, and resistance at rf. Therefore, a power measurement in a dc circuit can be generally carried out using a voltmeter v and an ammeter a according to one of the arrangements shown in figure 39. In principle, low current zeners would be best, but it is not really critical. The q meter measures the quality factor of the circuit which shows the total energy dissipated by it.
The fre quency chosen should be in the region t i figure 4. To measure q factor, q meters make use of this principle. What are the advantages and disadvantages of usual energy meters. These books were big hits in the radiology community, and i still take pride how many people. Aug, 2006 an electric meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to a residence or business. A q meter measures the quality factor of a circuit, q, which expresses how much energy is dissipated per cycle in a nonideal reactive circuit. When connected to loads, they consume less power and start measuring instantaneous. Gas flows by the heated flow sensor and molecules of the gas transport heat away, the sensor cools, and energy is lost. Tilt current meters operate under the dragtilt principle and are designed to either float or sink depending on the type. They then measure the drag force on the inserted target and convert it to the flow velocity. Coil v l vc v x l xc r vc vl i ir v ixl at resonance. The thermal mass meter measures gas flow based on the concept of convective heat transfer. This expression applies to an rf and microwave filter, bandpass lc filter, or any resonator. Mar 04, 2020 what is the thermal mass flow meter working principle.
Electrical energy meters principles and applications. It was developed at boonton radio corporation in boonton, new jersey in 1934 by william d. As shown in a figure at left, a hall element is placed across a gap created by cutting off part of the transformer jaws. This instrument determines the q quality factor of a resonant circuit, crystal, or resonator by measuring its series resistance at the resonance. Swirl meter the principle of operation of a swirl flowmeter is as follows. To study the construction and working of single phase energy meter and to find out energy consumed in 30 minutes. Introduction for many years, the q meter has been an essential piece of equipment for laboratories engaged in the testing of radio frequency circuits. Electronic single phase watthour meter adopts largescale ic, the latest microelectronic technologies and smt techniques. Introduction q meter is design for measuring the q factor of a coil. Target flow meters, also known as drag force flow meters, insert a target drag element, usually a flat disc or a sphere with an extension rod, into the flow field. The military ts617c was a full mil spec version of the 4342a and may be the ultimate q.
If you cannot read the numbers in the above image, reload the page to generate a new one. Energy meters are the basic part to measure the power consumption. The meter is provided with a field to which entries can be made for this purpose ct or vt factor. The tuned circuit is excited from a tunable signal source. Also explain the factors that cause errors during a q factor measurement. The pointer of a moving coil instrument gives full scale deflection of 20ma. Triomass mass flowmeter based on the trumass coriolis. Block diagram and working principles of rlc bridge. A mas s flow meter operating on the corioli s principle c ontain s a v ibra ting tube i n which a fluid flow caus es changes i n frequen c y, phase s hift or am plitude. They have been largely supplanted by other electronic test equipment which records a broader spectrum of useful data for future reference by operators and technicians.
One single phase energy meter, one single phase load, stop watch and connecting wires. Based on the flow of current, the ferriwheel rotates which. The operations of this useful laboratory instrument is based on the familiar. Basic qmeter circuit the basic operation based on the wellknown characteristics of series resonant circuits. A mass flow meter, also known as an inertial flow meter is a device that. Circuit diagram, working principle and its applications. These blades impart a tangential velocity or swirl to liquids, gases or vapors. A q meter works on the principle of series resonance. The angular velocity of the rotor results in the generation of an electrical signal ac sine wave type in the pickup.
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